Poland and Peru share a long history of mutual relations. Diplomatic ties were established on 6 September 1923, when Peru appointed Felipe Espantoso as chargé d’affaires ad honorem in Poland. However, dynamic economic and cultural relations developed as early as in the second half of the 19th century, when Polish architects and engineers were coming to Peru. The most prominent member of this group is, beyond doubt, Ernest Malinowski, who created Ferrocarril Central Andino, the highest railroad in the world until 2006. Today, Poland and Peru maintain economic, trade and scientific relations. In this context, the archaeological cooperation is worth noticing. The Centre for Andean Studies at the University of Warsaw conducts research in cooperation with its Peruvian colleagues, including on Machu Picchu. The city of Machu Picchu was depicted on a commemorative postcard designed by Jan Konarzewski and issued by Poczta Polska, the state postal administration of Poland, to mark the centenary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries.